Kuongororwa kwakazara kwemashoko ekutaurirana kweModbus

1. Pfupiso Yepfungwa yeModbus Protocol

Modbus ininzira yakajairika yekutaurirana kwezvivakwa zvemaster-slave. Master ndiye anotanga mirairo uye muranda anopindura kudata kuti agone kutaurirana kwekuverenga nekunyora pakati pemidziyo. Nzira iyi yakakamurwa kuita nzira nhatu dzinowanzo shandiswa: Modbus RTU, Modbus ASCII, uye Modbus TCP. Pakati padzo, nzira yeRTU ine simba rekutumira data zvakanyanya uye inotora mabyte mashoma, inoshanda senzira huru yemidziyo yeindasitiri, zvishandiso zvine hungwaru, uye kutaurirana kweserial. Nzira yeASCII ine kuverenga kuri nani uye inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzirisa matambudziko nekudzidza. Nzira yeTCP inoshandisa Ethernet uye inochinjika kune zviitiko zvekuunganidza network zviri kure.

Mutakuri mukuru wezvose Kutaurirana kweModbus "meseji". Kuverenga data rese, kunyora ma parameter, uye kubvunza mamiriro pakati pemidziyo ndizvo zvinonyanya kutumira, kutumira uye kuongorora mameseji. Mashoko eModbus akajairwa anotevedzera chimiro chezvikamu zvina zvakafanana: kero yevaranda, kodhi yebasa, munda wedata, uye kodhi yekutarisa.

2. Kubvisa chimiro cheStandard Modbus Message Frame

Yakakwana Modbus-RTU meseji ine minda mina mikuru ine hurefu hwemabyte akasimbiswa uye kupatsanurwa kwebasa kwakajeka. Maumbirwo efuremu yemeseji akajairwa akarongeka pazasi kuti akwanise kubvunza nekukurumidza uye kushandiswa kwakakodzera:

Mharidzo yakazara yeModbus ine chimiro chakarongeka chine minda yakakamurwa zvakajeka, inova ndiyo hwaro hwekuongorora meseji.

2.Kero yeVaranda 1 (1 Byte)

Inoshandiswa kusiyanisa zvishandiso zvakasiyana mubhazi, ine kero dziri pakati pe0-255, uye 1-247 ikero dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yemumunda. Master inonyatsotsanangura zvishandiso zvekutaurirana kuburikidza nekero kudzivirira kusawirirana kwekutaurirana kwemidziyo yakawanda, inova ndiyo hwaro hwekutaurirana kwenetiweki yemidziyo yakawanda.

2.2 Kodhi Yebasa (1 Byte)

Inosarudza rudzi rwekushanda kwekutaurirana uye ndiyo nzira huru yekuongorora meseji. Makodhi ebasa anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumabasa eindasitiri anosanganisira: 01 yekuverenga mamiriro e coil, 02 yekuverenga ma inputs akasiyana, 03 yekuverenga ma registers ane chekuita nekuverenga, 04 yekuverenga ma input registers, 06 yekunyora rejista imwe chete, uye 10 ye batch writing registers. Makodhi ebasa akasiyana anoenderana nemafomu akasiyana edata nemitemo yekuongorora.

2.3 Nzvimbo yeData (Kureba Kunoshanduka)

Kureba kwenzvimbo yedata kunoonekwa nekodhi yebasa, kusanganisira kero yekutanga yekunyoresa, huwandu hwekuverenga/kunyora, uye zviri mukati medata. Meseji yekukumbira inozivisa muranda nezvenzvimbo yekushanda uye huwandu, ukuwo meseji yemhinduro ichidzosa data remuchina panguva chaiyo kana mhedzisiro yekushanda.

2.4Kodhi yekutarisa (2 Bytes)

Inoshandiswa kusimbisa kuvimbika kwekutumirwa kwedata. Iyo RTU mode inoshandisa CRC16 check, uye ASCII mode inoshandisa LRC check. Inogona kuona nemazvo kurasikirwa kwepaketi, kupindira, kukanganiswa kwedata nezvimwe zvinetso panguva yekutumirwa, zvichiita kuti kutaurirana kwemaindasitiri kugadzikane.

3. Kuongorora Misiyano muMainstream Communication Mode Messages

Zvinhu zvitatu zvikuru Kutaurirana kweModbus nzira dzinoenderana nemamiriro akasiyana ekudzora maindasitiri, nemusiyano mukuru muchimiro chemeseji, maitiro ekunyora uye mitemo yekutarisa. Misiyano mikuru yakarongwa mutafura iri pazasi kuti zvive nyore kusarudza nekusiyanisa:

3.1 Modbus RTU (Industrial Mainstream)

RTU inoshandisa binary encoding ine chimiro chemafuremu chakabatana uye inoshanda zvakanyanya pasina mavara asina kudzoserwa. Ndiyo nzira yekutaurirana yakajairika yeRS485/232 serial devices. Inotonga kutanga nekuguma kwemameseji kuburikidza nenguva yefuremu uye inoita kuti data rive rakarurama kuburikidza neCRC16 check, ichienderana nemidziyo yakawanda yakangwara uye michina yekudzora maindasitiri.

3.2 Modbus ASCII (Kusarudza Kugadzirisa Matambudziko)

Inoshandisa ASCII character encoding, ine mameseji anotanga ne colon ":" uye ichiguma ne carriage return ne line feed, ine mavara akaonekwa zvakanyanya uye kuoma kwakaderera pakuongorora nemaoko. Zvisinei, ine transmission redundancy yakakura uye kushanda kwakaderera, yakakodzera chete pakudzidza, kugadzirisa matambudziko uye kuongorora zvikanganiso, uye haiwanzo shandiswa mumidziyo yakagadzirwa nevanhu vakawanda.

3.3 Modbus TCP (Kutaurirana kweNetwork)

Zvichibva pakutumira kweEthernet, inowedzera musoro wemeseji weMBAP zvichibva pameseji yekutanga yeRTU, kusanganisira chiratidzo chekutengeserana, chiratidzo cheprotocol, urefu hwemeseji nedzimwe ruzivo, pasina kutarisa kweCRC. Inoenderana nemamiriro ekuunganidza data reIoT remote uye cross-network industrial segment.

4. Mienzaniso yeOngororo yeMashoko eKodhi Anowanzoitwa

Makodhi ebasa anoshandiswa kakawanda pakugadzirisa matambudziko emuindasitiri yeModbus akagadziriswa. Makodhi ebasa akajairika netsananguro dzawo zvakarongwa pazasi kuti zvionekwe kuti zvinoshanda sei, kurangarira uye kushandisa:

Tichitora Function Code 03 inonyanya kushandiswa (Read Holding Registers) semuenzaniso, pfungwa yakazara yekuongorora meseji inodzoserwa kuti ienderane nemamiriro ezvinhu anoshanda panzvimbo yacho.

Chikumbiro chikuru chemashoko: Kero yeMuranda + 03 Kodhi yeBasa + Kero yeRejista yekutanga + Nhamba yeRejista yeKuverenga + CRC Check.

Kuumbwa kwemashoko emhinduro dzevaranda: Kero yevaranda + 03 Kodhi yebasa + Kureba kwedata + Register Data + CRC Check.

Kana paine zvisizvo zvemuchina, muranda anodzosera meseji yemhinduro isina kujairika, kodhi yebasa ichiwedzerwa otomatiki ne0x80 uye ichiperekedzwa nekodhi yekusarudzira panzvimbo yekusarudzira nekukurumidza. Kududzirwa kwakajairika kwekodhi yekusarudzira nekukurumidza kugadzirisa matambudziko kwakarongwa seizvi:

5. Zvikanganiso zveMashoko Akajairika uye Nzira dzekugadzirisa matambudziko

Mukugadzirisa matambudziko einjiniya, matambudziko mazhinji ekutaurirana kweModbus anogona kuwanikwa nekukurumidza kuburikidza nekuongorora meseji. Matambudziko makuru anowanzoitika ndeaya anotevera:

5.1 Nguva Yekutaura:

Zvinowanzo kukonzerwa nekero isiriyo yevaranda, zvikanganiso zvewaya, kusawirirana kwebhaud rate/parity bits, zvichikonzera kusava nemhinduro yemidziyo;

5.2 Kushongedza Data:

Zvinokonzerwa nekukundikana kweCRC check, kupindira kwekutumira kana kudimburwa kwemashoko; kuvharirwa kwemutsara wecheck uye kuenderana kwemaparamita ekutaurirana;

5.3 Kudzoserwa kweKodhi Yekusiya:

Kugadzirisa kero dzerejista, rutsigiro rwebasa remidziyo uye mvumo yekunyora data zvichienderana nekodhi yekusarudzika inoenderana;

5.4 Kurasikirwa kweBatch Data Packet:

Zvinowanzo kukonzerwa nehuwandu hwakawanda hwekuverenga rejista uye hurefu hwemashoko hunopfuura; data rinofanira kuverengwa muzvikamu.

6. Pfupiso: Kukosha kweUinjiniya kweKuongorora Mashoko

Chinhu chakakosha cheModbus protocol ndechekutaurirana kwemashoko kwakajairika. Hunyanzvi muchimiro chemeseji, zvinoreva kodhi yebasa, mitemo yekutarisa uye logic yekubata zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kugona kwakakosha pakugadzirisa matambudziko ekutonga kwemaindasitiri, kuisa zvishandiso padhoki uye kugadzira IoT collection. Kuongorora mashoko nemazvo kunogona kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvekutaurirana kwemidziyo nekukurumidza, kuvandudza kugadzikana kwekuunganidza data, kuderedza mari yekugadzirisa matambudziko panzvimbo, uye kunoshanda zvakanyanya kumamita emagetsi, kudzora maindasitiri, otomatiki yekuvaka, michina mitsva yesimba nezvimwe zviitiko zvemaindasitiri.